You have a heck of a question, and I'm not sure any of us can answer most of it, but I can add a little perhaps. I don't even pretend to be an expert, just a guy with a long time interest. Maybe someone else can add more.
I say now, I don't know about all the countries you have mentioned. I have not been in Europe since 2005 (Bulgaria, all over the country hiking, didn't see yurts there.), well except we were on the European side of Turkey last year, but only in the European side of Istanbul. I didn't see any yurts there, or traveling around the eastern half of Asian Turkey.
Maybe a year or 18 months ago someone asked for information about starting a yurt tourist camp site on the coast of Turkey, but I have not seen anything about yurts in Turkey since then.
I lived in China for the last 10 years (until February 2016), and saw them there, but only in the northwest, in the province of Xinjiang. It is one of the poorest provinces in China, and most of the people are of Turkic decent if you are out of the main cities of Urumqui or Kashi. (I don't claim to be spelling them correctly, there is no official translation). You don't see yurts (gers) in the cities, but you do see them out in the countryside where people live in them year around, and it is very cold and windy in the winter there. You also will see them made of concrete in the countryside. I posted some pictures a few years ago from one of my trips there on this website. You might be able to find them if you dig around here.
We traveled in Mongolia in 2014, and I also saw a lot of yurts there, all over the countryside, and right in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city. People we met there said the concrete Soviet era buildings were like an icebox in the winter, so everyone moved out of the houses and into the yurts in the winter to stay warm. I was there in the summer, so I can't verify that, but I don't have a reason the doubt what they told me.
Can you travel and live in a yurt in these places? Sure, they are happy to rent you one when you are visiting, or even to sell you one if you are leaving, could you find a place and put one up? I am pretty sure you could, but I'm not sure how you would earn a living, if you aren't independently wealthy in some way, or to some degree. These countries and the USA are the only places that I have seen yurts with my own eyes.
I have read about them other places such as Australia and New Zealand, but no great numbers there. I have read there is glamping yurt site in Southern Chile, near Torres de Paine National Park, but it wasn't there when we hiked the park years ago.
On the other hand, we currently live in Ecuador, and when we applied to import a few yurts to this country, we have been told no, they would not be allowed to be imported. No explanation, even when we asked, just NO.
I am not sure if this helped, but...
Good luck in your exploration,
Rod
rod
yurtlocker.com
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